ABSTRACT The aim of this correlational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was to describe the pathological profile of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) in malnourished children who attended two centers for prevention and treatment of child malnutrition in Mendoza, Argentina. The study included 145 children aged 12 to 71 months, with prior parental consent, and recorded dmft and dmfs according to ICDASII2 to 6 and 4 to 6 active caries categories, age and severity of caries experience. Parametric and non-parametric statistics were applied with p=0.05. Caries prevalence for enamel and dentin lesions was 48.2%, declining to 35.2% when only dentin lesions were considered (dmft 4-6). The following means were found for dmft and dmfs: dmft 2-6 2.10 ± 3.31, with "d" 2.03 ± 3.24; dmfs 3.07 ± 6.1 with "d" 2.91 ± 6.1; dmft 4-6 1.21 ± 2.46 with "d" 1.14 ± 2.37; dmfs 4-6 1.98 ± 5.14 and "d" 1.86 ± 5.06. There were statistically significant differences between dmft 2-6 and dmft 4-6. Active enamel lesions (ICDAS II active categories 2 and 3) accounted for 37% of total lesions. Active lesions type 5 were the most frequent. The indicators for dental status and severity of caries experience increased with age, both with moderate positive correlations. Conclusions: Malnourished children under six years old studied in Mendoza presented comorbidity with ECC. Dental status worsened with age. The values for caries indicators demonstrated the weight of caries diagnoses in early stages and the importance of providing preventive measures and systematic monitoring during these children's early years of life.

RESUMEN El presente estudio descriptivo transversal correlacional tuvo como objetivo describir el perfil de patología de la Caries de Infancia Temprana (CIT) en niños con desnutrición infantil asistentes a dos centros de prevención y tratamiento de la desnutrición infantil, en Mendoza, Rep. Argentina. Sobre un total de 145 niños entre 12 y 71 meses de edad, previo consentimiento parental, se registraron dmft y dmfs según categorías de caries activas ICDAS II2 a 6y 4 a 6; edad, y severidad de experiencia de caries. Se aplicó estadística paramétrica y no paramétrica con nivel de p=0,05. La prevalencia de caries para lesiones de esmalte y dentina fue del 48,2% disminuyendo a un 35,2% cuando se consideraron solo lesiones en dentina (dmft 4-6). Se hallaron las siguientes medias para dmft y dmfs: dmft 2-6 2,10 ± 3,31, con "c" de de 2,03 ± 3,24; dmfs de 3,07 ± 6,1 con "c" de 2,91 ± 6,1; dmft 4-6 de 1.21 ± 2,46 con "c" de 1,14 ± 2,37; dmfs 4-6 de 1,98 ± 5,14y "c" de 1,86 ± 5,06. Las diferencias observadas entre dmft 2-6 y dmft 4-6 fueron estadísticamente significativas. Las lesiones activas de esmalte (categorías 2 y 3 activas de ICDAS II) constituyeron 37% del total de lesiones. Las lesiones activas tipo 5 fueron las más frecuentes. Los indicadores de estado dental y de severidad de experiencia de caries aumentaron con la edad, hallándose correlaciones positivas moderadas para ambas variables. Conclusiones: Los niños menores de seis años con desnutrición infantil estudiados en Mendoza, presentaron co- morbilidad con CIT. El estado dental empeoró con la edad. Los valores encontrados de los indicadores de caries demostraron el peso del diagnóstico de caries en sus estadíos iniciales y la importancia de arribar con medidas preventivas y seguimiento sistemático en los primeros años de vida de estos niños.

Este trabalho expõe reflexões sobre a mercantilização do corpo humano, suas partes e produtos. Centralmente toma-se o caso particular das células humanas que, em si, não apresentam maiores diferenças com outros organismos como os genes, proteínas, sequência de genes, medicamentos biológicos etc., razão pela qual as conclusões as quais se chega podem ser em certa medida generalizáveis. Nas considerações finais são lembradas as enormes mudanças na ideia da comercialização do corpo humano, que evocava a escravidão e passou muito rapidamente a uma situação ligada ao progresso da medicina. Finalizando, conclui com a advertência de que o debate não pode ficar circunscrito aos direitos de propriedade industrial, uma vez que compromete interesses de primeiro nível, como a saúde e a dignidade humana.

This paper presents reflections on the commodification of the human body, its parts and products. It centrally takes the particular case of human cells, which in itself presents no major differences with other organisms, such as genes, proteins, gene sequences, biological medications, etc, for which reason the conclusions which can be reached, may be generalizable in some degree. In the final considerations the enormous changes in the idea of commercialization of the human body are reminded, which evoked slavery and passed very quickly to a situation linked to medical progress. The conclusion with the warning that the debate can not be confined to industrial property rights to the extent that compromises interests in the first level such as health and human dignity.

El trabajo expone reflexiones sobre la mercantilización del cuerpo humano, sus partes y sus productos. Centralmente toma el caso particular de las células humanas, que en sí no presenta mayores diferencias con otros, como el de los genes, proteínas, secuencias de genes, medicamentos biológicos etc., por cuya razón las conclusiones a las que arribemos deben reconocer un cierto grado de generalización. En las consideraciones finales se recuerda los enormes cambios en la idea de la comercialización del cuerpo humano, que evocaba la esclavitud y se hay pasado muy rápidamente a una situación donde ella está ligada a los progresos de la Medicina, rematando a la conclusión con la advertencia que el debate no puede quedar circunscripto a los derechos de propiedad industrial en la medida en que se encuentran comprometidos intereses de primer nivel como la salud y la dignidad humana.

Male broilers were used to evaluate the effects of different energy levels in finisher diets and age of slaughter on performance, production pattern and carcass yield. Experimental design was a 2x3 factorial arrangement: energy level (ME) in the finisher diet (3,200 and 3,600 kcal ME/kg) and age of slaughter (42, 49 and 56 days), resulting in six treatments with four replicates. The finisher diet was fed only in the last week of the growing period. Characteristics evaluated were feed consumption (FC), body weight gain (WG), feed conversion (FC), energy intake (EI), caloric conversion (CC), efficiency production index, production pattern, and carcass yield. The results showed better WG and CC for broilers fed 3,200 kcal ME/kg finisher diet. Broilers slaughtered at 42 and 49 days of age had better performance and higher annual production than broilers slaughtered at 56 days of age. Carcass yield was influenced by slaughter age and better breast yield was seen at 49 and 56 days than at 42 days of age. It was concluded that 3,200 kcal ME/kg induced the best overall performance. Poultry houses were efficiently used when broilers were slaughtered at 42 days of age. Meat:bone ratio was improved for broilers slaughtered at 49 and 56 days of age.